CLAUSE OF CONTRAST
A. Concessive clause
Concessive
clause is a clause which begins with
"although" or "even though"
and which expresses an idea that suggests the opposite of the main part of the
sentence.
The
sentence "Although he's quiet,
he's not shy"
begins with a concessive clause- "Although
he's quiet " which has an opposite
meaning of - "he's not shy" which is the main part of
the sentence.
NOTE: " In spite of" , " despite" have similar meaning to "although"
or "even though". BUT they don't introduce clauses. They
have different syntax. They are followed by nouns or gerunds (verb+ing.) They don't introduce a clause (subject + verb.)
Although,
even though:
·
He
had enough money.
·
He refused to buy a new car.
The
above two statements can be combined as follows :
Although
Even though |
he
had enough money,
|
he
refused to buy a new car
|
OR
He
refused to buy a new car
|
although
even though |
he
had enough money.
|
Structure:
"Although", and "even though" introduce concessive clauses.
Although /even
though
|
subject
|
verb
|
Examples:
·
Although it was raining, he walked to the
station.
·
Even though she is very old, she runs fast.
Despite
/ in spite of:
Despite and in spite of do not introduce a concessive
clause. They are rather followed by a noun or a verb+ing form.
Study this example:
·
He
had enough money.
·
He
refused to buy a new car.
The
above two statements can be combined as follows :
Despite
In spite of |
all
his money,
|
he
refused to buy a new car.
|
having
enough money,
|
OR
He
refused to buy a new car
|
despite
in spite of |
all
his money.
|
having
enough money.
|
Structure
Despite / in spite
of
|
+ a noun,
|
+ verb + ing.
|
Examples:
·
Despite /in
spite of the rain,
he walked to the station.
·
Despite /in
spite of being tired, he walked to the station.
Remember:
1. Although, even though + subject + verb (Concessive clause)
3. In spite of, despite + noun or verb+ing (Not a concessive clause)
2.
There are structural similarities between:
"in spite
of", "despite" and "although", "even though"
"because
of", "due to", "owing to", "thanks to" and "because", "since ,"as",
"for". (Expressing cause and effect)
In
spite of
Despite |
+
noun
|
Because
of
Due to owing to Thanks to |
|
Although
Even though |
+
verb
|
Because
Since For As |
B. Adversative clause
An adversative adverbial clause of
contrast shows direct opposition.
Conjunction
:
·
While
·
Where
·
Where
as
·
When
Example
:
·
John
is a good English teacher whereas his brother excels in
while teaching science.
·
Yulio
is very kind while Yunita is very cruel.
CLAUSE OF EXCEPTION
Definition :
is one sub ordinate clauses that
shows exception.
Conjunction :
·
Except
that
·
Excepting
that
·
But
that
·
Only
·
Etc.
. .
Example :
You
cant enter my class except that you
wear your shoes.
v
Sentence of
exception
Using conjunction : you cant enter this
room excepting that you wear your shoes.
Using preposition : you cant enter this room except wearing
your shoes.